Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Pharmacology is a medical discipline that evolved from mediaeval apothecaries, who prepared and prescribed drugs. In the early nineteenth century, a schism developed between apothecaries who treated patients and those whose primary interest was in the preparation of medicinal compounds; the latter served as the foundation for the emerging speciality of Pharmacology. Only after advances in chemistry and biology in the late 18th century enabled drugs to be standardised and purified did a truly scientific Pharmacology emerge. By the early nineteenth century, French and German chemists had isolated many active substances from crude plant sources, including morphine, strychnine, atropine, quinine, and many others. Oswald Schmeiderberg, a German, established Pharmacology in the late nineteenth century (1838–1921). He defined its purpose, wrote a Pharmacology textbook, and assisted in its development and helped to found the first pharmacological journal, and most importantly, directed a school in Strasbourg that served as the foundation for independent Pharmacology departments in universities around the world.
- Track 1-1 Nano Robotics
- Track 1-2 Neuro Pharmacology
- Track 1-3 Pharmacogenetics
The effects or actions of a drug at the molecular, biochemical, and physiologic levels. It is derived from the Greek words "pharmakon," which means "drug," and "dynamikos," which means "power." All drugs exert their effects by interacting at the molecular level with biological structures or targets, causing a change in how the target molecule functions in relation to subsequent intermolecular interactions. Receptor binding, post-receptor effects, and chemical interactions are examples of these interactions. Examples of these interactions include drugs binding to an enzyme's active site, drugs interacting with cell surface signalling proteins to disrupt downstream signalling, and drugs acting through binding molecules such as tumour necrosis factor
- Track 2-1 Overview of Pharmacodynamics
- Track 2-2 Drug–Receptor Interactions
- Track 2-3 Effect of Aging on Drug Response
In response, MMV and DNDi, in collaboration with scientists from industry and academia, created the Pandemic Response Box to encourage new research into pandemic disease treatments. The box will contain 400 structurally diverse compounds for screening against infectious and neglected diseases. Disease experts chose these 400 compounds with diverse mechanisms of action from a large list of antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal compounds. They are all either already on the market or are in various stages of drug discovery or development. The biological activity of the compounds has not been confirmed by MMV/DNDi partners; the choice was made based on information available in the literature
- Track 3-1 Advanced Pharmaceutics
- Track 3-2 Proteomics
- Track 3-3 Drug metabolism and toxicology
Chemotherapy works by killing cells that divide quickly, which is one of the main characteristics of cancer cells. This means that it also harms cells that divide rapidly under normal conditions, such as those in the bone marrow, digestive tract, and hair follicles; this results in the most common side effects of chemotherapy, such as myelosuppression (lower blood cell production), mucositis (inflammation of the digestive tract lining), and alopecia (hair loss). Other applications for cytostatic chemotherapy agents (including those listed below) include the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as the prevention of transplant rejection (see immunosuppression and DMARDs)
- Track 4-1 Anti-metabolites
- Track 4-2 Mitotic inhibitors
- Track 4-3 Alkylating agents
Modern pharmacognosy incorporates these important new areas into a separate interdisciplinary science. Pharmacognosy's emphasis and focus of study have shifted dramatically from drug identification, such as active constituent isolation, to, more recently, biological activity investigation. Pharmaceutical companies use pharmacognosy to screen, characterise, and produce new drugs for the treatment of human disease. Because naturally occurring drugs are frequently not mass-produced, they must be studied in order to develop synthetic biosimilars. Future developments in pharmacognosy and the herbal drug industry will be heavily reliant on reliable methodologies for identifying marker compounds in extracts, as well as standardisation and quality control of these extracts
- Track 5-1 Microbes
- Track 5-2 Alternative Medicine
- Track 5-3 Photochemistry
The use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing improves the efficacy of ultrasound cancer therapy. Dec. 8, 2021 — Sonodynamic therapy employs ultrasound in conjunction with drugs to cause harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) to be released at the site of a tumor. Gene therapy has the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, haemophilia, and AIDS. Researchers are still investigating when and how to use gene therapy. Gene therapy in Pharmaceutical Science is currently only available in the United States as part of a clinical trial. By 2020, the remission rate for ALL patients treated with Kymriah was expected to be around 85%. After a year, more than half had no relapses. Novartis intends to track the outcomes of all patients who received the therapy for the next 15 years in order to better understand how long it will be effective.
- Track 6-1 Biotechnology
- Track 6-2 DNAs and RNAs
- Track 6-3 Genetic Disorder
Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities concerned with the detection, assessment, comprehension, and prevention of adverse effects or other medical problems. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) coordinates the pharmacovigilance system in the European Union (EU) and operates services and processes to support pharmacovigilance in the EU.
Before a medicine is approved for use, evidence of its safety and efficacy is limited to clinical trial results, in which patients are carefully selected and closely monitored under controlled conditions. This means that at the time of approval, a medicine had been tested in a relatively small number of carefully selected patients for a limited period of time
- Track 7-1 Drug Abuse
- Track 7-2 Clinical Trials
- Track 7-3 Signal Detection
Neuropharmacology is the study of drugs that have an effect on the nervous system. Its focus is on the development of compounds that may benefit people suffering from neurological or psychiatric illnesses. Prior to the development of neuropharmacology, there were only four drugs available for nerve disorders: morphine, caffeine, nitrous oxide, and aspirin. Over the next 50 years, a new class of drugs emerged, including antihistamines, barbiturates, and opioid analogues.
With modern insights into the molecular basis of many drugs' actions and the availability of current research methods, work to understand how the brain works at the molecular and cellular levels is ongoing. This includes understanding the role of genetic variation in drug effects and drug delivery to the brain
- Track 8-1 Autonomic Neuroscience
- Track 8-2 Neural Technology
- Track 8-3 Neuronal Survival and apoptosis
Biopharmaceuticals are among modern science's most sophisticated and elegant achievements. These drugs' massive, complex structures not only look incredible in the 3-D modelling systems used to create them; they also perform remarkably well, with high efficacy and few side effects. And there's plenty more to come: existing treatment archetypes are constantly evolving and becoming more sophisticated, while ongoing research is yielding entirely new types of products. The cell therapy Provenge, which is used to treat cancer, and, a little further out, gene therapies, which offer even more amazing promises of regenerative medicine or disease remission, are making their way to the market in Biopharmaceuticals
- Track 9-1 Vaccines
- Track 9-2 Hematology
- Track 9-3 Recombinant protein therapy
As part of an IND-enabling programme, safety Pharmacology evaluations are an essential step in assessing acute and potentially life-threatening risks of novel pharmaceuticals. Charles River experts devote time to risk mitigation by evaluating programmes in the discovery/lead optimisation phase, saving time in the preclinical phase of development. Learn from the CRO where 25% of the world's Diplomates in Safety Pharmacology (DSPs) have chosen to pursue a career
- Track 10-1 Detection of adverse effects liability
- Track 10-2 Mitigation strategies
- Track 10-3 Implications for clinical safety monitoring
Pharmaceutical formulation is a multistep process in which the active drug is mixed with all other components while taking particle size, polymorphism, pH, and solubility into account to create the final beneficial medicinal product. The four basic components for a successful pharmaceutical formulation are the benefits and constraints of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), valuable excipients, associated interactions, and manufacturing procedure. The formulation frequently functions in a way that includes multiple dosage forms. The dosage form is the pharmaceutical drug product that has been marketed for use with a specific combination of active and inactive ingredients. It must be in a specific configuration (for example, a capsule shell) and distributed in a specific dose.
- Track 11-1 Chemical Analysis
- Track 11-2 Polymorphism
- Track 11-3 Genetic Disorder
Radiopharmacology is the application of radiochemistry to medicine, and thus the Pharmacology of radiopharmaceuticals (medicinal radio compounds, that is, pharmaceutical drugs that are radioactive). Radiopharmaceuticals are used as radioactive tracers in medical imaging and therapy for a variety of diseases in the field of nuclear medicine (for example, brachytherapy). Many radiopharmaceuticals employ technetium-99m (Tc-99m), a gamma-emitting tracer nuclide with numerous applications. There are 31 different radiopharmaceuticals based on Tc-99m listed in the book Technetium for imaging and functional studies of the brain, myocardium, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, skeleton, blood, and tumours. The term radioisotope, which refers to any radioactive isotope (radionuclide) in its broadest sense, has historically been used to refer to all radiopharmaceuticals, and this usage persists.
- Track 12-1 Molecular Biology
- Track 12-2 Ligand Targeting
- Track 12-3 Radiation Therapy
Clinical trials are research studies in which people are subjected to a medical, surgical, or behavioural intervention. These trials are the primary means by which researchers determine whether a new form of treatment or prevention, such as a new drug, diet, or medical device (such as a pacemaker), is safe and effective in humans. Many consider clinical trials to be the gold standard method for evaluating healthcare interventions, as opposed to observational studies. They make significant contributions to relevant research evidence developed by the NIHR to assist the NHS in England and other care providers. However, clinical trials are complex, and many researchers, particularly those in their early careers, struggle to know where to begin in order to contribute to or lead a trial.
Following the completion of an internal report on trainee engagement in clinical trials, the NIHR Trainees Coordinating Centre launched a project to create a resource for individuals interested in pursuing a research career that includes the delivery of clinical trials.
- Track 13-1 Prevention Trials
- Track 13-2 Screening Trials
- Track 13-3 Treatment Trials